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Bupropion associated immunomodulatory effects on peripheral cytokines in male with major depressive disorder
Chih-Chung Huang1, Hsuan-Te Chu2, Yu-Kai Lin3, Chia-Kuang Tsai3, Chih-Sung Liang2, Ta-Chuan Yeh1
1 Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
2 Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
3 Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
Correspondence Address:
Chih-Sung Liang,
Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 60, Xinmin Rd., Beitou Dist., Taipei 112
Taiwan
Ta-Chuan Yeh,
Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei 114
Taiwan
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_124_23
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Background: Experimental and clinical studies have reported increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), suggesting that immune system dysregulation may contribute to MDD pathophysiology. Aim: Due to the lack of knowledge about the immune potential of antidepressants, this study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of bupropion, a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Methods: This study involved 18 patients with MDD treated with bupropion (150 mg/d) for 4 weeks and 23 healthy volunteers. All participants underwent multiplex bead-based cytokine assessment before and after bupropion treatment to quantify the following cytokines: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage CSF, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. Results: Four-week treatment with bupropion significantly increased the levels of IL-1β (P = 0.011), IL-4 (P = 0.019), IL-5 (P = 0.019), IL-7 (P = 0.021), and IL-8 (P = 0.023) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the percentage change in most cytokines, including anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, was significantly increased after bupropion treatment. Conclusion: The promoted synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines to surpass the pro-inflammatory cytokines may be a crucial step in the treatment of MDD patients with bupropion.
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